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Reference Material for Researchers

·         Electrode Assembly (download pdf file)

Refereed Publications

13.  Comparing Electrodes for use as Cortical Control Signals: Tiny Tines, Tiny Wires or Tiny Cones on Wires: Which is best?  Kennedy PR.  The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Third edition. Ed.: Joe Brazino, pp. 32-1 to 32.14, 2006.

12. The Future of Brain Computer Interfacing in a Brave New World.  Kennedy PR, BioSystems Reviews, Feb 2006.

11. Using Human Extra-cortical Local Field Potentials to Control a Switch. Kennedy PR, Dinal Andreasen, Princewill Ehirim, Brandon King, Todd Kirby, Hui Mao, Melody Moore. J. of Neural Technology, June 2004.

10. Correlations between human motor cortical local field potentials, action potentials, contralateral arm EMG activity and digit movements.  Kennedy PR, Dinal Andeasen, Brandon King, Todd Kirby, Hui Mao, Melody Moore, Princewill Ehirim.  Submitted to J. Neural Engineering  2005.

9. Computer Control Using Human Cortical Local Field Potentials. Kennedy PR, Kirby MT, Moore MM, King B & Mallory A.  IEEE Trans on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Eng. 12(3), 339-344, 2004.

8. A Decision tree for Brain-Computer Interface Devices.  Kennedy PR and Adams K. IEEE Trans on Neural Sys. & Rehab Eng. 11(2), 2003.

7. Dynamic interplay of neural signals during the emergence of cursor related cursor in a human implanted with the Neurotrophic electrode.  Kennedy PR and King B.  CH 7 in Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Sensory and Motor Function. Eds. Chapin J and Moxon, K. CRC Press,  2001.

6. Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. Kennedy PR, Bakay RAE, Adams K, Goldthwaite J, and M. Moore.  IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng., 8(2), 198-202, 2000.

5. Restoration of neural output from a paralyzed patient using a direct brain connection. P.R.Kennedy and R.A.E.Bakay.  NeuroReport 9,1707-11, 1998.

4. Activity of single action potentials in monkey motor cortex during long-term task learning.  Kennedy PR & Bakay RAE.  Brain Research 760:251-4 (1997).

3. Behavioral correlates of action potentials recorded chronically inside the Cone Electrode.  P.R. Kennedy, R.A.E. Bakay and S.M. Sharpe.  NeuroReport, 3:605-608, (1992).

2. The Cone Electrode:  Ultrastructural Studies Following Long-Term Recording.  P.R. Kennedy, S.Mirra and R.A.E. Bakay.  Neuroscience Letters, 142:89-94, (1992).

1. A long-term electrode that records from neurites grown onto its recording surface.  P.R. Kennedy,  J. Neuroscience Methods,  29 (1989) 181-193.

Abstracts

40. Detecting patterns of neural signals from Broca’s area to produce speech in a locked-in subject. P.R.Kennedy, D.Andreasen,S.Seibert, E.J.Wright.   SFN 2006.

39. Towards conversational speech restoration in a locked-in patient by recording from Broca’s area with the Neurotrophic Electrode. P.R.Kennedy1., D. Andreasen1,2., E.J.Wright1.,  H. Mao3.,. P.Ehirim 4.  SfN 2005.

38.Speech Prosthesis: Initial recordings from Broca’s area with the Neurotrophic Electrode in a locked-in patient.  P.R.Kennedy, D.Andreasen,S.Seibert, E.J.Wright,  H. Mao,. P.Ehirim.   NIW, NIH, September 2005

37.Wright EJ, Kennedy PR.   BCI Control for Locked-in Patients in Real World Environments.  Presented at the BCI Conference, Rensellaerville NY 2005.

36. Accurate Localization of Implant Targets in the Cerebral Cortices of Locked-in Subjects undergoing BCI Applications.  P.R.Kennedy, Hui Mao, SFN 2004

35. Different potential roles of Fast Transients and Local Field Potentials recorded through the Neurotrophic Electrode in humans.  P.R. Kennedy, Dinal Andreasen, Neural Prostheses Workshop, submitted, 2003.

34. Different potential roles of Fast Transients and Local Field Potentials recorded through the Neurotrophic Electrode in humans.  P.R. Kennedy, Dinal Andreasen, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2003.

33. A comparison of Fast Transients and Local Field Potentials recorded through the Neurotrophic Electrode.  P.R. Kennedy, Dinal Andreasen, Neural Control of Movement meeting, 2003.

32. Directionality may be inherent in the Local Field Potentials (LFPs) recorded via the Neurotrophic Electrode in human cortex.  P.R. Kennedy, B. King; M.T. Kirby; K. Adams.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2002.

31. Brain-Machine Interfaces: Can they teach us something?  S. Mussa-Ivaldi, N.Hatsopoulos, P.R.Kennedy, M.Nicholelis, A.Schwartz and J.Wolpaw.  Neural Control of Movement Meeting, Naples, FL, April 2002. 

30. Adams, KD, Goldthwaite, J, Plummer, T, Moore, MM and Kennedy, PR, (2001). Computer Control Using Surface EMG Signals", RESNA Proceedings, Reno, NV, pp. 80-82.

29. Motor Cortical control of a cyber digit by patient implanted with the Neurotrophic Electrode.  P.R.Kennedy, B.King, M.T.Kirby, M.Blankowski and M.M.Moore*.  Soc. for Neuroscience Abstr., 2001.

28. The role of tactile feedback in the control of cortical neural signals two years after implantation in patient TT with mitochondrial myopathy.  P.R .Kennedy, T .Kirby, K. Adams, B. King and A. Mallory.  Neural Prostheses Workshop, NINDS, NIH, Oct. 2001.

27. Directionality coding in human cortical area 4: Role of phase relationships of individual action potentials. P.R.Kennedy King B, Moore MM SFN Abstracts 2000.

26. A Surface EMG Connection for Cursor Control and Morse Code.  Adams, KD, Goldthwaite, J, Moore, MM and Kennedy, PR, (2000).  RESNA Proceedings, Orlando, FL, pp 101-103.

25. Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system.  Kennedy P.R., Adams K, Bakay RAE, Goldthwaite J, Montgomery G and Moore M.  BCI Conference New York, June 16th to 20th 1999.

24. A direct brain connection for computer control.  K. Adams, J. Goldthwaite, P.R. Kennedy, RESNA-99, June 25-29 1999.

23. Neural Activity during acquisition of cursor control in a locked-in patient.  P.R.Kennedy, R.A.E.Bakay, M.Moore, K,Adams, G.Montgomery.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstracts, 1999.

22. Cognitive Engineering: Early attempts to control a computer by directly interfacing with the CNS of a locked-in patient. P.R.Kennedy, R.A.E.Bakay, C.Russell & G. Montgomery.  Neural Prostheses Workshop, 1998.

21. Cognitive Engineering: Continuing experiences with implantation of the Neurotrophic Electrode in Locked-in patients. P.R.Kennedy and R.A.E.Bakay.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 1998.

20. Cognitive Engineering: Using the Neurotrophic Electrode to access neural signals in locked-in patients: Experiences with initial human implantation.  P.R.Kennedy and R.A.E.Bakay.  International Meeting on Regeneration, Asilomar, CA 1997.

19. Cognitive Engineering: Using the Neurotrophic Electrode to access neural signals in locked-in patients: Experiences with initial human implantation.  P.R.Kennedy and R.A.E.Bakay.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 24(1)193, 1997.

18. Plasticity of motor cortex action potentials during task learning in monkeys.  P.R.Kennedy and R.A.E.Bakay.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 21(1)28, 1995.

17. The quietude of primate cerebral cortex is interrupted by microstimulation plus caffeine administration during chronic Cone Electrode recordings.  P.R.Kennedy, L.L.Howell, R.A.E.Bakay, R.Verellan and J.Echard.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 19(1)777, 1993.

16. An implantable FM transmitter and amplifier powered by transcutaneous RF coupling for use in long-term prosthetic controllers.  P.R.Kennedy, A.Hopper, C.Linker, R.Verellen, H.Yun and S.M.Sharpe.  Neural Prosthesis Workshop Abstr., NIH, October, 1992.

15. The Cone Electrode:  Chronic Recording Techniques.  P.R.Kennedy, A.Hopper, C.Linker, S.M.Sharpe and R.A.E.Bakay.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 18(1)217, 1992.

14. A system for real time processing of neural signals for use as prosthetic controllers.  P.R. Kennedy, A. Hopper, C. Linker and S.M. Sharpe.  14th. International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society meeting, Paris Oct. 29th. to Nov. 1st., 1992.

13. The Cone Electrode:  Ultrastructural analysis of recorded tissue, behavioral correlates of neural activity, and development of a totally implantable system using transcutaneous power induction.  P.R. Kennedy, A. Hopper, R.A.E. Bakay and S. Mirra.  Poster presentation at the Neural Prosthesis Workshop, NIH, October 22-24, 1991.

12. The Cone Electrode:  Ultrastructural study following long-term recording.  P.R. Kennedy, S. Mirra and R.A.E. Bakay.  Soc. Neuroscience Abstr., 17(2):1018, 1991.

11. Long-term recording of cortical units using the cone electrode in monkeys.  Bakay R.A.E., Kennedy P.R. and Banks D.M.  American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, 1991.

10. Long-term recording of the same cortical units in monkeys using the cone electrode.  Kennedy, P.R., Banks, D.M. and Bakay R.A.E.  21st Annual Neural Prosthesis Workshop, National Institutes of Health, October 1990.

9. Long-term recording of cortical units using the cone electrode in monkeys.  P.R.Kennedy, R.A.E.Bakay, N.Oyesiku and D.M.Banks.  Soc. Neuroscience Abstracts, 16(2):1134, 1990.

8. Dynamic aspects of receptive fields of neurons chronically recorded in rat vibrissa cortex. D.Banks and P.R.Kennedy.  Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 15(1):962, 1989, and poster presentation at the Barrels Symposium, Phoenix Az, Oct.28-29 1989.

7. The Cone Electrode: New concepts in long-term recording.  Results in rat and monkey.  P.R.Kennedy, 20th Annual Neural Prosthesis Workshop, NIH, Oct. 1989.

6. Ion Assisted Ir and IrOxide Coating of Neural Electrodes.  K.O.Legg, P.R.Kennedy and H. Solnick-Legg, 20th Annual Neural Prosthesis Workshop, NIH, Oct 1989.

5. Robust Noise Suppression Techniques for Neural Signals.  J.L.Lansford, P.R.Kennedy and J.E.Schroeder, IEEE Proceedings, 11(2/6) (1989) 681.

4. The cone electrode: A Long-term Electrode that Records from Neurites.  P.R. Kennedy.  Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 14(2):1261, 1988.

3. A new long-term recording electrode. P.R. Kennedy.  Symposium:  Spotlight on Research at Emory and Georgia Tech, Proceedings.  April 11-13, 1988.

2. Telemetry systems for high and low frequency biological signals.  John Fanguy, Neal Hollenbeck, Philip Kennedy, Ann Patterson, Steve Sharpe.  Symposium:  Spotlight on Research at Emory and Georgia Tech, Proceedings. April 11-13, 1988.

1. An Electrode that Records from Regenerated Neurites.  Kennedy PR.  International Symposium on Neural Regeneration.  Asilomar, Ca. Dec. 6-l0, l987.